新概念自学导读

  • 父母宝典
  • 2024-08-16
篇1:新概念自学导读

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.A short while ago, however, he became a bus driver and be has not regretted it.然而就在前不久,他开上了公共汽车,也并不为此而感到后悔。

(1)while作名词表示“一会儿”、“(一段)时间”时常与a连用,有时也与the,this等连用:

They haven\'t seen each other for a long while.

他们有很长时间没见面了。

Have you been in Australia all this while?

这段时间你一直在澳大利亚吗?

I saw her a short while ago.

我刚才还见到她了。

(2)句尾的it代指 he became a bus driver这件事。

2.far more exciting,令人兴奋得多。

在形容词和副词的比较级与最高级前面,可以用far(相当于much)来表示强调:

It\'s for/ much colder today than it was yesterday.

今天比昨天要冷得多。

Houses are far/ much more expensive these days.

如今的房价贵多了。

This is(by) far the most expensive bicycle in the shop.

这是这家商店里最贵的自行车。(比其他的要贵好多)

3.… saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car.……

看到两个小偷从一家商店里冲出来,奔向等在那里的一辆汽车。

(1) see和其他一些感知动词(如 feel, hear,notice, smell, watch 等)

可以用在动词+名词或代词宾语+不带to的不定式结构中;

I saw him climb through the window.

我看见他爬进窗户。

这些动词的宾语相当于不定式的主语,上句即:

I saw that he climbed through the window.

(译文同上)

在课文中的这句话中,rush和run是two thieves的两个连续的动作。

(2) waiting为现在分词作定语,表示“等待着的”、“等在那里的”。

4.The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag.拿钱的那个小偷吓得把提包都扔了。

(1)with 表示“带着”、“拿着”。

(2) such(a)+名词+ that与 so+形容词+ that一样,后面引导的是结果状语从句,

通常译为“如此……以致……”:

They are such wonderful players that they will surely win the game.

他们都是如此出色的运动员,所以肯定能在这场比赛中获胜。

5.As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. 当那两个小偷企图乘车逃跑时,罗伊驾驶他的公共汽车撞在了那辆车的后尾上。

(1)

短语动词 get away 的含义之一为“逃跑”、“逃脱”:

How did the thief get away?

小偷是如何逃掉的?

(2)句尾的it指小偷的那辆小汽车; back 指车的“后部”、“尾部”;drive into 的原义为“把(汽车)开进”,

这里是指撞上。

6.the battered car,

那辆被撞坏的车。

battered 为过去分词,作定语,相当于 the car which was battered。

类似的有 a broken window等。

语法 Grammar in use

复习一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和被动语态(cf.第26课、第27课、第  28课、第  31课与第  34课语法)

一般现在时通常用于表示目前的状况或动作以及习惯性的动作;一般过去时则指过去某个时间所做的动作,不强调与现在的关系;词组used to只能用于过去时,表示过去有过而现在已没有的习惯等;

现在完成时通常指过去发生的但与现在有联系的动作。这几种时态在一定的上下文中可以同时出现:

John hasn\'t recognised that woman yet. Do you recognise her?

约翰还没有认出那位妇女。你能认出她吗?

在第34课的语法中,我们讲到被动语态的用法之一是为了突出主语并避免用不明确的词作主语

词汇学习 Word study

1.rush

(1)vi.冲,奔:

Two thieves rushed out of a shop.

两个小偷从一家商店里冲了出来。

While I was talking to Frank, a man rushed into the room.

我正和弗兰克谈话时,一个人冲进了房间。

(2)vt.,vi.仓促行事,仓促完成;赶紧做:

Roy rushed (through) his lunch and left for the station.

罗伊匆匆吃完午饭就去车站了。

Tom always rushes his homework on Sunday evenings.

汤姆总是在星期天晚上赶做他的家庭作业。

(3)n.猛冲,奔:

Roy made a rush at the thieves.

罗伊冲向小偷们。

2.straight

(1)adj.直的,笔直的:

He drew a straight line on the paper.

他在纸上画了一条直线。

This road isn\'t straight.

这条路不直。

(2) adv.笔直地:

He walked straight on.

他一直往前走。

You\'ll see a tower straight ahead.

你会看到正前方有个塔。

(3)adv.径直地,直接地:

John always goes straight home after work.

约翰下班后总是直接回家。

Roy drove the bus straight at the thieves.

罗伊开车直冲窃贼而去。

3.such与so

such和so都可以用于表示程度,但so 只能作副词和连词,such则是形容词,因此so通常位于形容词、副词之前,而such只能位于名词之前:

引导结果状语从句时,它们的结构分别为“such+(a)+名词+that”和“so+ 形容词+that”:

It was such a cold evening that no one went out.

那天晚上太冷了,所以谁也没有出门。

It was so cold that no one went out.

天太冷了,所以谁也没有出门。

such 除了表示“这样的”、“如此的”等意思外,还可以表示“像这一类的”, so则不能表示后一种意思:

He often talks about such things.

他经常谈论这类事。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1.关键句型练习答案

A used to drive (1.1) ; became (1.2); has not regretted (1.2); is finding (1.2) ; was driving (1.3); saw…rush out…run (1.4); was carrying (1.5) ; acted…drove (1.6); got… dropped (1.7); were trying to get (1.8); drove(1.8); was moving a way(1.9); stopped…telephoned (1.9); was badly damaged…to recognize (1.10); stopped(1.10); were arrested(1.11)

C 1 mean… Do you understand

2 used to smoke…does not smoke

3 was completed

4 have not seen

5 dropped…was crossing

2.难点练习答案

1 so  2 such a  3 so  4 such  5 so  6 such a 7 such an  8 such a

3.多项选择题答案

1 a  2 d  3 a  4 d  5 d  6 a

7 d  8 a  9 b  10 a  11d  12 d

 

篇2:新概念自学导读

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.…she hopes to set up a new world record.……她希望创一项新的世界纪录。

set up 是个固定短语,它的含义之一为“创立”、“建立”,可以指某个具体的事物,如set up a school(创建一所学校),也可以指

抽象的,如某个机构、组织等。 a world record 常用于指体育方面的世界纪录。

2.…many people fee that she is sure to succeed.……很多人认为她一定能成功。

(1) feel在此处为及物动词,表示“认为”、“相信”等:

Tom feels that he can pass the examination.

汤姆认为他能通过这次考试。

My parents feel that they can believe in you.

我父母认为他们可以信赖你。

(2) sure在这里表示“一定会”、“必定会”,

后面通常跟带to的不定式:

Billy is sure to win the race.

比利一定会赢得这场比赛。

If you don\'t work hard, you are sure to fail in the next exam.

你如果不用功学习,下次考试肯定会不及格。

3.Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. 明天他将焦急地注视着女儿游过这段漫长的距离到达英国。

这句话中主句的时态为将来进行时(cf.第13课语法),时间状语从句表示的虽然也是将来的动作,但用的是一般现在时,再如:

I\'ll be meeting her at the station when she arrives tomorrow.

她明天到达时我将在车站接她。

When you come back to the village next year, you\'ll have a great surprise.

等明年你回村时,你会大吃一惊的。

4.Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours. 黛比计划每

两小时休息一下。

(1) rest作“休息”讲时,可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词:

Today is my day of rest.

今天是我的休息日。

After a long rest, he went on with his work.

在好好休息一下之后,他又继续工作了。

(2) every用在表示时间的名词之前时可译为“每”:

Debbie phones her mother every three days.

黛比每隔两天给她母亲打次电话。

语法 Grammar in use

将来时

going to和will 一样也常用来预言将发生的事。口语里经常用going to,

尤其指不久即将发生的事,但在正式的书面语中通常

用will而不用 going to。在非正式语体中,要表示意图、打算时,一般多用going to而不用will;going to 有时可以表示说话人也许对即将发生的事预先有所了解:

He has decided not to buy a house because he\'s going to leave the country soon.

他决定不买房子,因为他不久将离开这个国家。(可能预先有所了解)

They\'re going to be married soon.

他们不久将结婚。(表示预先有所了解)

如果表示说话时决定去做某事,或者表示建议、请求、肯定或不肯定等含义时,要用will而不用 going to:

Ask him again. Perhaps he\'ll change his mind.

再问他一次,也许他会改变主意。

词汇学习 Word study

1.watch, look at与 follow

look at 可以表示“仔细看”、“(留意)看”等含义,经常用于表示命令的句子:

Look at this card that John\'s just sent!

看约翰刚寄来的这张卡!

Look at this!

请看这个!

watch 表示“看”、“注视”、“注意看”

等,通常持续时间较长:

How long have you been watching the race?

这场比赛你看了多久了?

Do you have to watch me eating my supper?

你非得看我吃晚饭吗?

Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously.

明天他将焦急地注视着她。

follow 通常指“跟随”这个动作:

The dog followed me all the way home.

在我回家的路上这只狗一直跟着我。

When she was a girl, she followed her sister everywhere.

她小的时候,

她姐姐走到哪儿她就跟到哪儿。

在特定的时候, follow也可以表示注视,

即用目光“跟随”:

Have you ever seen a cat follow/ watch a bird\'s every movement?

你有没有见过猫注视鸟的一举一动?

2.solid, firm与 stable

(1)形容词 solid的含义之一是“固体的”(相对于液体的、气体的而言):

She will not eat any solid food.

她将不吃固体食物。

它还可以表示“结实的”、“坚固的”(指家具、建筑物等):

This is a solid table.

这张桌子很结实。(指质地)

(2) firm 可以表示“牢固的”、“稳固的”:

This table is firm. You can stand on it.

这桌子结实。你可以站在上面。

firm 可以表示态度、

信念等“坚定的”、“坚决的”:

He is firm about going abroad.

在出国这件事上他态度很坚决。

firm 用于针对孩子时,可表示“严厉的”、“严格的”:

Mary isn\'t very firm with her children.

玛丽对她的孩子们要求不严。

(3) stable表示“稳定的”、“稳固的”等含义时,可以用于指抽象的

事物(如工作、机构、环境等),也可用于指具体的事物:

I\'m glad that you\'ve got a stable job now.

我很高兴你现在有了稳定的工作。

它用于指人时,表示“可靠的”、“可信赖的”、“稳重的”等含义:

He is not a very stable person.

他不太稳重/可靠。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1.关键句型练习答案

A What will happen: will set out (1.5); will have(1.9); will not eat (1.9)

What is going to happen: is going to swim (1.1); is going to set out(1.2)

What will be happening: will be watching(1.7); will be waiting(11.9-10)

C 1 We are going to leave at six o\'clock.

2 I am going to pay these bills tomorrow.

3 Are you going to write to him?

4 She is not going to look for a new job.

5 When are you going to buy a new car?

2.难点练习答案

1 firm  2 watched  3 look at  4 solid/firm  5 firm 

3.多项选择题答案

1 a  2d  3d  4c  5d  6c

7 c  8 b  9a  10 d  11 c  12c

 

篇3:新概念自学导读

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years\'time.  4年以后,奥林匹克运动会将在我们国家举行。

(1)作为专有名词的一部分时 games 的第一个字母要大写。

(2)

这句话的语态是被动语态用于一般将来时(will be held)。

(3)in four years\' time,4年之后。 in的这种用法在第9课的语法中已经讲过,它通常与将来时连用表示“……时间之后”:

I\'ll be back in ten minutes or half an hour.

我10分钟或半个小时以后回来。

名词的所有格用于表示时间在第13课的语法中已经提到过:

He will arrive in three hours\' time.

他3小时以后到达。

2.As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool. 由于将有大批的人到我们国家来,

所以政府准备建造一些新的饭店、一个大型体育场和一个新的奥运会标准游泳池。

(1)连词as用于表示原因时通常位于句首,这是因为它所表明的原因对于讲话对象可能是已知的,因此没有必要再予以强调。

连词 because任何时候都可以代替as来说明一种或几种原因,但是as则不一定总能代替 because:

As you can\'t type the letter yourself, you\'ll have to ask Susan to do it for you.

既然你自己不能用打字机打这封信,那你就请苏珊替你打吧。

because 一般跟在主句后面,强调讲话对象可能不知道的原因:

Jim\'s trying to save more money because he wants to buy a car.

吉姆正设法多攒些钱,因为他想买辆车。

(2)building 后面的成分为它的3个并列宾语,每个宾语前面的冠词都不可省略。

(3)Olympic-standard 是个“形容词+名词”形式的复合形容词,作定语。虽然字典中通常不把它作为一个词条,但它的含义是

一目了然的。

第32课中出现的 well-dressed 也是个复合形容词,

其构成为“副词+过去分词”,它已被大家接受,作为固定的词条出现于一般字典中。

3.a special railway line,一条铁路专线。

special 在此处表示“专门的”、“特设的”。line 既可以笼统地指两地间的“铁路线路”,

又可以具体地指包括路基、枕木等的“铁路轨线”。

4.by the end of this year,在今年年底前。

by表示“在某时之前”、“

并不晚于某时的任何时间”。它不能与表示一段时间的名词连用,只能与表示时间点的名词或词组连用,用于肯定句与用于否定句时有一定区别:

5.Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up.大家都将急切地注视着新建筑的建成。

(1)watch 在此处表示“关注”而不是真的盯着看。

(2)as在这里为连词,相当于while,表示“当”、“正值”,它引导的从句虽然表示将来的动作,但要用一般现在时。

(3)go up 为短语动词,其含义之一为“(建筑物)被兴建起来”:

Many new houses are going up in this district.

这个地区正兴建许多新房子。

语法 Grammar in use

一般将来完成时(The future perfect simple tense)

(1)在第12课和第13课的语法中,我们学习了一般将来时和将来进行时。

一般将来时除了可以用来预言将来发生的事以外,还可以表示“意愿”,如允诺、建议、请求、提议等:

The radio hasn\'t been mended yet.

收音机还没有修好。

Never mind! I\'ll mend it for you.

别担心!我会给你修的。(允诺)

Will you open the door for me please!

请你帮我开一下门好吗?(请求)

Shall we go for a swim tomorrow?

我们明天去游泳好吗?(建议)

将来进行时除了表示最近或不久的将来正在进行的动作外,

还可以表示计划或安排好的事:

A great many people will be visiting the country.

许多人将到我们国家来。(将来正在进行的动作)

The government will be building new roads.

政府准备修筑一些新的道路。(计划好的事)

(2)将来完成时用于表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作:

将来完成时由will have+ 过去分词构成。它常与by和not…till/ until+ 表示时间的名词连用:

I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow.

我希望到明天你就会改变主意了。

词汇学习 Word study

1.hold vt.

(1)拿着,抓住,抱住:

Please hold the baby while I take off my coat.

我脱外衣的时候请帮我抱一下孩子。

Why are you holding my bag?

你为什么抓住我的包?

(2)容纳,装得下,包含:

This cup can\'t hold much water.

这杯子装不了多少水。

The stadium can hold 20,000 people.

这个体育场能容纳两万人。

(3)举行(会议、会谈等);庆祝(节日):

The Olympic Games will be held just outside the capital.

奥运会就在首都市郊举办。

When are we going to hold the next meeting?

我们什么时候举行下次会议?

2.look的一些固定短语

(1)look forward to常用于表示高兴地

“盼望”、“期待”,to为介词,因此后面只能跟名词、代词和动名词,不能接动词原形:

We are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.

我们盼望着奥运会的到来,因为这个国家还从未举办过奥运会。

I look forward to seeing you during the weekend.

我盼望着周末见到你。

(2)look out 除表示“朝外看”以外,

还可以表示“注意”、“留神”,尤其在祈使句中:

You should always look out when you walk across a road.

你过马路时要留神。

Look out! There\'s something in the middle of the road.

小心!马路中间有东西。

(3)look up 的含义之一为“(在字典、参考书等中)查找”:

He looked up the word in several dictionaries.

他在几本字典中查了这个单词。

它还可以表示“看望”、“拜访”某个人,一般用于口语中:

I\'m going to look up Mary this afternoon.

我打算今天下午去看望玛丽。

3.design

(1)vt.,vi.设计图样:

These modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter.

这些现代化建筑是由库尔特·冈特设计的。

George has designed a new bridge.

乔治设计了一座新桥。

(2)vt.,vi.打算(做……),计划:

He designed to enter for the competition.

他打算报名参加竞赛。

This book is designed for foreign tourists.

这本书是为外国游客设计的。

(3)n.图样,图纸;设计:

Here is the design of the new house.

这是这座新房子的图纸。

Susan has just drawn a design for a new dress.

苏珊刚画了一个新的衣服样式。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1.关键句型练习答案

A What will happen: will be held(1.1); will be held(1.5);will be called(1.6)

What will be happening: will be visiting (1.2); will be building(1.3); will also be building (1.4); will be watching (1.9)

What will have happened: will have completed(1.7); will have finished (1.8)

2.难点练习答案

1 holding… looking forward to  2 look out  3 look… up

4 is holding  5 look… up  6 held… looking forward to

3.多项选择题答案

1c  2b  3b  4b  5b  6d

7 a  8 c  9 d  10 b  11b  12 a

 

篇4:新概念自学导读

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country.过去他常幻想退休后到英国,并计划在乡间安顿下来。

(1)dream of 在这里不表示具体的做梦,

而是“幻想”、“向往”的意思:

Frank used to dream of having a car of his own.

弗兰克过去常幻想拥有一辆自己的车。

(2)settle down 是个固定短语,

可以表示“定居”、“安身”、“安顿”等含义:

They settled down in Australia in 1988.

他们在澳大利亚定居了。

After two years of travelling, I want to settle down now.

旅行了两年之后,我现在想过安定的日子了。

2.Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. 但紧接着他就开始抱怨那里的天气了。 因为即使那时仍为夏季,但雨总是下个不停,而且常常冷得厉害。

(1)for 在这里为连词,

为所陈述的事说出原因。它与 because不同,不能用于句首。并且在for后面必须重复主语:

I don\'t have a car, for I can\'t afford it.

我没有车,因为我买不起。

(2)连词even though引导的是让步状语从句,

表示“即使”、“虽然”:

Even though we were very tired, we went on with the work.

虽然我们已非常累了,我们仍然继续干活。

3.He acted as if be had never lived in England before.他的举动就好像他从未在英国生活过一样。

连词 as if/ though 引导方式状语从句,通常跟在描述行为举止的动词之后,如act, appear, feel, look, smell, sound等后面:

She acted as if she were mad.

她的举动像疯了一样。

It feels as if/ though it\'s going to rain.

这天气给人的感觉好像是要下雨。

4.In the end, it was more than he could bear. 最后,他再也忍受不住。

more than在这里表示“超过……的范围”:

This piece of news is more than I can believe.

我无法相信这条消息。

这种用法与它通常表示“比……更多”的用法稍有不同:

There were more than ten people in the room.

房间里不止10个人。

语法 Grammar in use

过去完成时

在第14课的语法中,我们学习了过去完成时的构成和基本用法。它经常与一般过去时连用,表示在过去某个动作发生前完成的动作:

When I arrived, Jane had left.

我到时,简已经走了。(走发生在我到达之前)

与过去完成时连用的表示时间的词或词组有when, after, as

soon as, (not) until, by that time, (never) before, already, for, since, just等,

另外它还常与连词no sooner…than和 hardly…when连用。(cf.词汇学习)过去完成时不能与副词ago 连用(ago只能与一般过去时连用):

He hadn\'t finished it by yesterday evening.

到昨天晚上他还没做完。

词汇学习 Word study

1.no sooner…than与 hardly…when

这两组连词意义都与 as soon as相近,但都比 as soon as正式。

它们通常都与过去完成时连用。当 no sooner和 hardly位于句

首时,后面的主谓结构都要颠倒顺序,即句子变为 no sooner/hardly+助动词+主语+动词形式的语序:

He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there.

他刚一回来便买下了一幢房子住了进去。

No sooner had he returned than he bought a house and went to live there.

(译文同上)

No sooner had he begun speaking than he was interrupted.

他刚一开始讲话就被打断了。

He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.

他还没等安顿下来就卖掉了房子,离开了这个国家。

Hardly had he had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.

(译文同上)

Hardly had he got into the bus when it began moving.

他刚刚登上那辆公共汽车它就开了。

no sooner…than与 hardly…when 都是固定词组, than与when不可混用。

2.country与 countryside

country的意义比较广,它可以有“国家”、“祖国”或“乡下”等多种含义:

He had planned to settle down in the country.

他原计划在乡下定居。

He sold the house and left the country.

他卖掉房子,离开了这个国家。

country 作“乡下”讲时,

通常与the连用,作“国家”

讲时则不一

定:

We are going to spend the weekend in the country.

我们打算去乡下过这个周末。

Which country do you come from?

你来自哪个国家?

countryside主要指“农村地区”、“乡下”:

I grew up in the countryside.

我在农村长大。

3.continuously与 continually

这两个副词都与动词 continue(继续,持续)有关。它们的区别在于continuously (不断地,连续地)指动作中间没有间断,而continually (频繁地,反复地)则指动作中间有间断但又持续很久:

It rained continually.

天总是/频繁地下雨。(有间断)

This plane can fly continuously for twenty hours.

这架飞机可以连续飞行20小时。(中间没有间断)

Why does he come here continually?

他为什么老是到这里来?

You mustn\'t watch TV for such a long time continuously.

你不能这么长时间连续地看电视。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1.关键句型练习答案

A What happened: returned(1.2); bought( 1.4); went(1.4); began(1.5); rained(1.6); go (1.7); acted(1.8); was…could bear(1.9); sold…left(1.9); ended(1.10)

What had happened: had lived (1.1); had often dreamed (1.2); had planned(1.3); had no sooner returned(1.4); had never lived (1.8); had hardly had(1.9); had had (1.10); had thought (1.10)

2.难点练习答案

A 1 I had no sooner left the house than it began to rain.

2 We had no sooner hung the picture on the wall than it fell down.

B 1 continuously  2 continually  3 country

3.多项选择题答案

1 b  2c  3a  4a  5c  6b

7 d  8 d  9 b  10 a  11d  12 d

 

篇5:新概念自学导读

篇5:新概念自学导读

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.Am I all right?(标题)我是否痊愈?

all right 在不同的上下文中会有不同的含义。当指人的健康状况时,它可以表示

“安然无恙的”、“良好的”:

I was not very well last week, but I feel all right now.

我上星期有点不舒服,不过我现在觉得好了。

2.… he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so.……他问医生他的手术是否成功,但医生拒绝告诉他。

whether引导的从句在句中作动词 tell 的直接宾语,是一个间接一般疑问句。(cf.本课语法)

so在这里为代词,代替前面的动词不定式(在 to tell himwhether…)。它一般出现 believe, do, expect, hope, say, tell, think, appear等之后:

 

3.The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. 第2天,这位病人要了一部床头电话。

(1)following 在这里相当于next,

表示“紧接着的”、“其次的”。

(2)ask for 在这句话中表示“请求”、“要求(得到某个东西)”;在下一句话(…asked for Doctor Millington)中它表示“要求(某人)来(接电话)”。

4.…Mr.Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient ,a Mr.John Gilbert.……

吉尔伯特先生说他想询问一个病人的情况,是一位名叫约翰·吉尔伯特的先生。

(1)certain 在这里没有“肯定的”、“确实的”等含义,而表示“某一”、

“某位”,

暗指说话者或说话对象可能对这人/这事不大清楚/熟悉,或所指的这个人身份不大清楚:

Many years ago a certain doctor arrived in London.

许多年以前,有某个医生来到了伦敦。

(2)在第6课的语法中,我们提到姓名前不加冠词。但是,a/an有时可以用在称呼(Mr.,Mrs.,Miss等)前面,表示“我不认识的某某人”:

A Mr.Gilbert phoned and left a message for you.

一位姓吉尔伯特的先生给您打来电话并留了言。

这种情况下,a通常与表示“某一”

的 certain 连用:

A certain Mrs.Hart is waiting to see you.

有位哈特夫人正等着见您。

5.He then asked when Mr.Gilbert would be allowed to go bome…

然后他又问吉尔伯特先生什么时候可以回家……

would be allowed 为被动语态用于过去将来时。 when引导的从句为间接疑问词疑问句。(cf.本课语法)

6.for another two weeks,又两个星期。

another 作为限定词表示“另一个”、“再一个”的时候,通常与可数的单数名词连用,不和复数形式连用;但是后面可以跟基数

词/few+复数名词(它们被当成一个整体):

Do you need another cup of coffee?

你要不要再来一杯咖啡?

I need another three driving lessons before my test.

考试前我还需上3节驾驶课。

I need another few hours before I can finish my homework.

我还需几个小时才能做完作业。

语法 Grammar in use

间接引语:间接疑问句

在第15课的语法中,我们学习了间接引语的基本形式和间接陈述句的用法(包括时态变化等)。疑问句变为间接疑问句时有一些独特的规律。

首先引号和问号不再使用。其次,直接疑问句中的倒装语序在转述疑问句里要还原为陈述句语序(主语+动词)。同时,如有必要,还需改变时态。

(1)间接一般疑问句

转述一般疑问句时必须使用if或 whether,不可省略。助动词do/does和did在转述疑问句里消失了

ask, want to know, wonder 等后面的if和 whether通常可以互换,但是whether表示的怀疑程度比if稍大。

在表示两者挑一时更常用 whether:

She asked me whether I wanted tea or coffee.

她问我要茶还是要咖啡。转述疑问句中带有or not时,通常用 whether引导

He wants to know whether or not we want dinner.

他想知道我们想不想吃饭。(不能用if or not)

(2)间接疑问词疑问句

在转述疑问词疑问句时,不加 whether或 if,

通常用原来的疑问词。有时可以将一般疑问句转述为间接疑问词疑问句

在针对主语提问的间接疑问句中,时态和情态助动词照常有变化,但语序保持不变

词汇学习 Word study

1.exchange

(1)vt.换,更换,调换(指同类事物之间):

If you don\'t like the colour of this dress, you can exchange the dress in the shop.

你如果不喜欢这件衣服的颜色,你可以去商店换一件。

I want to exchange the red skirt for a blue one.

我想把这条红裙子换成蓝色的。

(2)vt.交换,互换:

I met Frank at a bus stop this afternoon and we exchanged a few words.

我今天下午在一个公共汽车站碰见了弗兰克,我们聊了几句。

Did you exchange gifts after the party?

晚会结束后,你们交换礼物了吗?

(3)n.电话交换台:

He telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington.

他挂通了医院的交换台,要求与米灵顿医生讲话。

2.inquire

(1)vt.,vi.打听,询问:

He wanted to inquire about a certain patient.

他想打听一位病人的情况。

A Mr. John Gilbert inquired your telephone number.

一位名叫约翰·吉尔伯特的先生打听您的电话号码。

(2)vi.调查,查问:

He didn\'t tell the truth when the police inquired into the accident.

当警方调查这次事故时,他没有说实话。

(3)vi.求见(某人),要找(某人):

She inquired for the manager.

她想见经理。

Who are you inquiring for?

你找谁?

练习答案 Key to written exercises

多项选择题答案

1 d  2 a  3 c  4 d  5 d  6 a

7 b  8 a  9 c  10 c  11 a  12 b

 

篇6:新概念自学导读

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.next to, 挨着。

它既可以表示座位挨着也可以表示地理位置上挨着:

Who was the man sitting next to you during the meeting?

开会时坐在你旁边的那人是谁?

There\'s a field/shop next to our house.

我们家房子边上有一片田野/一个商店。

2.Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人,穿一件紧身的黑衣服。

(1)unsmiling的反义词为smiling(微笑的,喜气洋洋的)。有些形容词前面可以加上前缀un-来表示相反的意义:comfortable (舒服的)/uncomfortable(不舒服的),true(真实的)/untrue(不真实的), interesting(有趣的)/uninteresting(无趣味的,乏味的)。

(2)in在这里表示“穿着”、“戴着”:

A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.

有位穿蓝衣服的小伙子在找您。

3.take one\'s seat, 在指定的位置上就座。

take a seat表示“坐下”,比sit要正式:

Please take a seat.

请坐。

take one\'s seat则表示位置事先已安排好:

After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner party began.

大家各自就座后,会议/宴会便开始了。

4.Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. 她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子,不一会儿就忙着吃起来了。

(1)fix最常用的意思为“使……固定”、“安装”:

she fixed a handle on the door.

她在门上安了个把手。

fix on的含义之一为“使(目光、注意力等)集中于”、“盯着”:

He fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldn\'t understand a word.

他的眼睛盯着那本书,但他一个字儿也没看懂。

(2)busy+ doing sth.表示“忙着做某事”, doing前可以加 in,也可以不加:

They are busy (in) repairing the car.

他们正忙着修车。

We\'re all busy getting ready for the performance.

我们都在忙着为演出进行准备。

5.If you ate more and talked less…如果你多吃点,少说点……

在并列句中,相同的句子成分(如主语、谓语、状语等)通常由同一词性的单词/词组表示,并且它们的长度也差不多,以保持句子的平衡性。在课文中的这句话中ate与talked对应,more与less对应。再如:

You can either go out or stay here.

你出去也行,呆在这里也行。

He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.

他想买的东西很多,但他的钱很少。

语法 Grammar in use

第2类条件句

在第16课的语法中,我们学习了第1类条件句,它谈论将有可能发生的事情,并且考虑其将来的真实结果。它的一般形式如下所示:

You\'ll miss the train if you don\'t hurry.

你如果不抓紧时间会误了火车的。(主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时或其他形式的现在时)

第2类条件句的形式与第一类不同,if从句中用一般过去时,谈论想像的情况,主句用would +动词原形,推测想像的结果:

If it rained tomorrow, we\'d stay at home.

如果明天下雨,我们将呆在家里。

尽管第2类条件句使用过去时,却并非指过去的时间,所以,if之后的过去时用法常被称为“非真实的过去”。

第2类条件句有时可以代替第1类条件句来描述颇有可能发生的事情,但比第1类条件句较为“无把握”。试比较:

不过第2类条件句经常用来描写完全不可能的事情:

If I had longer legs, I\'d be able to run faster.

如果我的腿再长一点儿,我就能跑得更快了。

在最后一个例句中,the weather是单数,按语法规则,在正常的陈述句中它后面应为was而不是were。但在第2类条件句中,were比was更为正式,与真实情况的差别也更大:If he were/was ready, I would go.

如果他准备好了,我就去。

if I were you这种说法经常用于提出建议:

If I were you, I\'d accept their offer.

如果我是你,我就接受他们的建议。

词汇学习 Word study

1.make vt., vi.

及物动词make的原义为“制造”,但它经常用于一些固定的结构,最常见的为make +(冠词)+名词形式。因名词的不同其含义也稍有不同:

I tried to make conversation.

我试图找个话题。

If you like, I\'ll make the beds this morning.

如果你愿意,今天早上我来铺床。

Don\'t make so much noise when I\'m reading.

我看书时你(们)别这么吵闹。

He made a promise that he would return the books in a week.

他保证一星期后将书还回来。

If you make trouble again, I\'ll send you home.

你如果再捣蛋,我就把你送回家。

He works very hard, but he\'s made little progrss.

他很刻苦,但他进步甚小。

He makes a lot of money and he also spends a lot.

他挣钱多,花钱也多。

Can you make a speech for our students?

您能为我们的学生演讲一次吗?

I\'m sorry to tell you that you\'ve made a big mistake.

我很遗憾地告诉你,你犯了个大错误。

在表示“下定决心”、“拿定王意”时要用词组make up one\'s mind:

Have you made up your mind to set off tomorrow morning?

你已下定决心要明天早上出发了吗?

2.do vt.

与make一样,完全动词do也可以用于一些固定说法,它的含义比make要更笼统一些:

I had done my best, but I still failed in the exam.

我已经尽力而为了,但我考试还是没及格。

After you\'ve done your homework, you can watch TV.

你做完作业后可以看电视。

Would you please do me a favour?

请帮个忙好吗?

I did a few jobs about the house.

我干了点家务活。

I did a lot of work around the house.

我干了许多家务活。

Can you do any more work today?

你今天还能再干点活吗?

We are asked to do Exercises 2 and 3 of Lesson 10.

我们得做第10课的第2项和第3项练习。

That shop does very good business.

那家商店的生意很好。

do 还可以与动名词连用:

We did all our shopping yesterday.

我们昨天把东西都买了。

I do a lot of swimming.

我常常游泳。

I did some reading this afternoon.

今天下午我读了点书。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1.关键句型练习答案

1 were                    2 tries              3 will burn

4 would have to       5 lost               6 do not apologize

7 were                    8 won             9 would not be

10 could

2.难点练习答案

1 made… do  2 does… makes

3 doing…making  4 made…did

3.多项选择题答案

1 c  2 c  3 b  4 c  5 a  6 a

7 c  8 b  9 b  10 b  11b  12 d

 

篇7:新概念自学导读

篇7:新概念自学导读

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.Do you call that a hat? (标题)你把那个叫帽子吗?

Do you call that +(冠词)+名词这个结构可以表达一种轻蔑的含义:

Do you call that a house/a dog?

你把那个叫房子/狗吗?

2.I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it…我坐在一个新式的满是网眼儿的椅子上……

those在此处表示一种看不惯、不满的意味,如果换成the,则没有这种意味。

3.I regretted saying it almost at once. 我马上又后悔说了这话。

regret +动名词/名词/that从句通常表示为做过的某件事感到后悔、懊悔:

I now regret leaving my country/ that I have left my country.

我现在后悔离开了自己的祖国。

He regretted having been rude to her.

他后悔自己对她无礼。

Did he regret his mistake?

他为自己的错误感到后悔了吗?

regret +不定式表示对现在或将来要做的事感到对不起、遗憾,比 be sorry +不定式要正式:

We regret to tell you that you are not welcome.

我们很遗憾地告诉您,您不受欢迎。

4.I find it beautiful. 我觉得它好看。

动词find经常用于动词+宾语+宾语补足语这种结构:

You\'ll find it difficult/easy to make conversation with her.

你将会发现与她聊天很困难/容易。( it代指后面的不定式短语)

I find this book very interesting.

我觉得这本书很有趣。

5.A man can never have too many ties. 男人有多少领带也不会嫌多。

cannot/can never…too…(固定结构)表示“无论怎么……也不会过分”:

A woman can\'t have too many hats.

女人有多少帽子也不嫌多。

You can\'t be too careful in doing your work.

你工作越小心越好。

语法 Grammar in use

must, have(got) to与need

在第17课的语法中,我们学习了情态助动词must和have(got)to 的一些用法,知道它们可以表达“必须”、“不得不”等含义,must还可用于表示推测。

在表达“必要”、“不必要”等含义时,除了可用must和have(got)to以外,还可以用need。need只有情态助动词的部分特征,仅用于某些疑问句和否定句。need用于疑问句时,问者往往希望得到否定的回答:

Need you leave so soon?

你有必要这么早就走吗?(希望不必)用need的一般疑问句的肯定形式的回答可以用 must/had to,否定形式的回答可以用 needn\'t

need一般情况下作完全动词:

I need to go to the dentist this morning.

今天上午我需要去看牙。

表示必要时,must的语气比need要强:

I must go to the dentist this morning.

今天上午我必须去看牙。

用 must的一般疑问句可以用 must/have to或 needn\'t来回答,而不用 mustn\'t:

“不必要”可用 needn\'t, don\'t have to来表示:

You needn\'t/don\'t have to work such long hours.

你不必工作那么长时间。

这种句型可用来表示说话人让对方选择或允许对方可以不做某事的主观意图。它的完成式和过去式分别为 needn\'t have, didn\'t have to和 didn\'t need to:

mustn\'t表示绝对禁止。在说话人看来,根本没有选择余地

词汇学习 Word study

1.remind vt.

(1)提醒:

Remind me to post that letter.

提醒我把那封信寄了。

I needn\'t remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.

我不必提醒你昨天买的那条糟糕透了的领带。

He reminded his wife that they needed to buy some coffee and sugar.

他提醒妻子他们需要买些咖啡和糖。

(2)使……想起:

The smell of cabbage reminds me of school.

卷心菜的气味使我想起了学校。

She reminds me of her sister.

她使我想起了她的姐姐/妹妹。

2.remark,observe与 notice

(1)remark与 observe都可以表示“说”、“评论说”,它们比say要正式:

‘You\'re looking very well!’She remarked/observed.

“您的气色看上去真好!”她说。

He remarked/observed that it was too hot in the room.

他说屋里太热了。

(2)notice和observe都可以表示“注意到”、“察觉到”,但有一定区别。notice 通常指无意中“察觉到”;observe 则可以指有意观察,比notice更正式:

I\'ve noticed/ observed that he telephones her oftener than before.

我发现/注意到他现在给她打电话比以前次数多了。

She observed the picture critically for a moment.

她用挑剔的目光看了一会儿那幅画。

I didn\'t notice his leaving.

他走的时候我没注意到。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1.关键句型练习答案

C 1 mustn\'t  2 mustn\'t  3 needn\'t  4 needn\'t  5 mustn\'t

2.难点练习答案

1 remarked  2 noticed  3 remarks  4 notice

3.多项选择题答案

1 a  2 a  3 c  4 d  5 c  6 b

7 b  8 a  9 d  10 a  11 c  12 b

 

篇8:新概念自学导读

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.…we stopped at a square to have a rest.……我们在一个广场上停下来休息。

stop 后面跟不定式时,表示停下其他活动去做不定式表示的动作:

On the way to the station, I stopped to buy a paper.

在去车站的路上,我停下来买了张报纸。

stop后面如果跟动名词形式,则表示停止该动作:

I\'ve stopped buying newspapers

我已不再买报纸了。

How can we stop him complaining?

我们如何才能让他不抱怨呢?

2.after a time, 过了一会儿,不久以后。

time在这里表示“(一段)时间”:

He lived abroad for a long time.

他在国外生活了很长时间。

I saw him a short time ago.

我刚才还看见他了。

After a time, the dog stopped following me.

过了一会儿,那条狗便不再跟着我了。

3.…we had our first glimpse of the snake. ……我们才第一次看到了那条蛇。

glimpse表示“一瞥”、“一看”,是可数名词,常用于下列短语中:

have/ get a glimpse of, catch a glimpse of, take a glimpse at:

He took a glimpse at the‘No Parking’signs outside Jasper\'s gate and parked his car there.

他瞥了一眼贾斯珀家大门外边的那些“禁止停车”的牌子,

然后把车停在了那里。(有意识的、短暂的动作)

This afternoon I caught/got/had a glimpse of Debbie and Dan walking together in the park.

今天下午我瞥见黛比和丹一起在公园里散步。(无意的、短暂的动作)

4.It obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz! 显然,它分辨不出印度音乐和爵士乐!

(1)tell表示“辨别”、“分辨”、“识别”时常与 can,could,be able to连用。表达这些意义时,tell可以单独使用,也可以与from构成词组:

(2)表示两者之间的“差别”、“差异”时常用 difference between:

What\'s the difference between them?

他/它们之间有何区别?

There\'s a lot of difference between Englishmen and Frenchmen.

英国人和法国人之间有许多差别。

在有些情况下也可以不跟 between:

It makes no difference whether you believe me or not.

你信不信我区别不大/都无所谓。

语法 Grammar in use

have +名词代替普通动词

在第18课的语法中,我们学习了完全动词have的一些用法,知道它既可以表示“具有”、“拥有”,又可以表示 eat, drink, enjoy, take等含义:

I have(got) a new car.

我有辆新汽车。

Have a good time!

祝你(们)玩得开心!

have的另一种用法是 have+名词代替普通动词表示“完成该动作”:

类似的动词还有dance, fight, look, rest, ride, talk, sleep, swim, wash等。一般完全动词的用法也适用于have:

Jim and I have just had a long talk.

我和吉姆刚进行过一次长谈。

I must have a wash before lunch.

午饭前我得洗一洗。(情态动词+have)

I had two dances with Lucy.

我和露西跳了两次舞。(可用复数形式)

词汇学习 Word study

1.market n.

(1)市场,集市:

We had a long walk through one of the markets of Old Delhi.

我们穿过旧德里的一个市场时走了很长一段路。

I just came from a fruit market.

我刚从一个水果市场来。

(2)(商品的)市场,销路,需求:

The foreign markets for apples this year are not as good as last year.

今年苹果的海外市场不如去年。

Can you find a market for these shoes?

你能给这些鞋找到销路吗?

2.动词pick的一些短语

(1)pick up有许多含义。它既可以表示“拿起”、“捡起”,也可以表示“意外地找到”、“(偶然地)学会”、“开车去接”等:

He picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins.

他拿起了一个长长的、上面镶有硬币的管乐器。

Tommy picked up two small coins and swallowed them.

汤米捡起两枚小硬币并把它们吞了下去。

The bicycle was picked up in a small village.

那辆自行车是在一个小村子里发现的。(意外地找到)

Didn\'t you pick up any Chinese while you were in China?

你在中国期间没学会几句汉语吗?

Where shall I pick you up, at your office or at your house?

我去哪里接你,你办公室还是你家?

Pick me up at  8 o\'clock.

8点钟开车来接我。

(2)pick out可以表示“挑出”、“选出”、“辨认出”等含义:

Look at these photos and see if you can pick out my mother.

仔细看这些相片,看看(你)能否认出我母亲。

The thief was picked out by several people.

几个人认出了那个小偷。

When I went to the bookshop yesterday, I picked out two of the books which I needed most.

昨天我去书店时,买/挑了两本我最需要的书。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1.关键句型练习答案

A 1 had had a long walk(1.1)         2 have a rest(1.2)

3 to have a look(1.4)                4 had our first glimpse(1.6)

B 1 had a ride                              2 was having a look

3 had a wash                           4 had a swim

5 had a fight                            6 have had a quarrel

7 had another try                      8 having a rest

9 have a smoke                        10 have a good sleep

2.难点练习答案

1 pick it up  2 pick up  3 pick out  4 pick up

3.多项选择题答案

1 d  2 d  3 d  4 b  5 b  6 c

7 d  8 d  9 a  10 c  11d  12 a